A sustainable future: the impact of real-time feedback systems on water conservation efforts

Abstract

Lack of fresh water and population explosion are major sustainability challenges globally. Water management is closely linked to sustainable development goals (SDGs), as water is fundamental to sustainable development and plays a role in achieving all SDG targets, either directly or indirectly. This article explores the potential of sensor-based real-time feedback systems as a tool for promoting water conservation and addressing the global challenges of water scarcity. This approach aims to mitigate existing water issues by changing the behavior of people, encouraging the uptake of water conservation measures, and changing the patterns of utilization for long-term sustainability. It incorporates principles from behavioral science to modify user behavior by using information processing theory that exposes users to water scarcity messages. As a theoretical concept, the applications of the theory of planned behavior and nudge theory are explored to guide individuals' choices toward water-saving behaviors through feedback that subtly influences decision-making. Concerns such as cost, data privacy, and the sustainability of behavior change are discussed. The effectiveness of real-time feedback mechanisms has been demonstrated in other domains, such as energy conservation, yet remains underexplored in the context of water management. This article highlights the feasibility of such systems, examines their potential impact on water conservation efforts, and discusses key challenges such as cost, data privacy, and behavioral adaptability. By integrating sensor technology with water fixtures and providing instant feedback, individuals can be nudged toward sustainable consumption patterns, ultimately reducing the burden on water treatment facilities and ensuring long-term water security.