Ion Flux Regulation in Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are heralded as a transformative technology for next-generation electrochemical energy storage, offering unparalleled advantages in terms of resource abundance, cost efficiency, high capacity, intrinsic safety, and environmental sustainability. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by persistent challenges, including electrode material dissolution, zinc dendrite formation, and the occurrence of side reactions. Ion flux, a fundamental concept widely applied in biological systems and electrolyte studies, plays a critical role in governing electrochemical processes, its systematic exploration and application in AZIBs remain underexplored. This review re-examines the challenges facing AZIBs through the lens of ion flux regulation, providing a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in strategies designed to control ion transport dynamics. We delve into the underlying mechanisms of these approaches, elucidating their impact on cell performance, cycling stability, and interfacial kinetics. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking perspective on the development of ion flux regulation strategies, aiming to inspire innovative design principles for high-performance, durable aqueous battery systems. By bridging the gap between fundamental ion transport theory and practical battery engineering, this work seeks to catalyze breakthroughs in the optimization of AZIBs for future energy storage applications.