Spray processing of TiO₂ nanoparticle/ionomer coatings on carbon nanotube scaffolds for solid-state supercapacitors

A one-step scalable spray technique was used to fabricate solid-state supercapacitors with multi-wall carbon nanotube/TiO₂-nanoparticle/ionomer hybrid electrodes. The 3D electrode nanostructure was designed for mobile H⁺ ion generation and fast electron-ion dual conduction, achieving an unusual and highly attractive balance of energy (31.8 W h kg⁻¹) and power (14.9 kW kg⁻¹) densities at 1 A g⁻¹ that are amongst highest reported for solid-state supercapacitors.