Recent advances in MOF composites for photocatalysis

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), characterized by their tunable porosity, high surface area, and structural diversity, have emerged as promising materials for photocatalysis. To address inherent limitations of pristine MOFs such as restricted light absorption, rapid charge recombination, and insufficient active sites, MOF composites have emerged and been widely applied in photocatalysis. This review focuses on the classifications of MOF composites, emphasizing component selection and synergistic effect. Then recent environmental and energy-related photocatalytic applications are systematically discussed, including contaminant degradation, water splitting, CO₂ reduction, and N₂ fixation. Finally, the further trends and challenges of MOF composites for photocatalysis are proposed. We hope that this review can provide a forward-looking perspective on MOF composites as next-generation photocatalysts and offer actionable strategies to promote the resolution of energy crisis and environmental pollution.