Recent advances in MBenes for Li/Na-ion batteries: from synthesis to application

Abstract

MBenes, an innovative class of two-dimensional transition metal borides characterized by layered structures of transition metal atoms and boron, have recently garnered significant attention in Li/Na-ion battery research due to their exceptional structural versatility, outstanding charge transport properties, and strong chemical stability. This comprehensive review thoroughly examines the atomic structures and synthesis methods of MBenes, with particular emphasis on the crucial roles of interlayer distance tuning and surface modification in enhancing their electrochemical storage performance. Special attention is given to the remarkable ability of MBenes to accommodate large alkali metal ions, a feature that contributes to impressive long-term cycling stability and rapid charge/discharge kinetics in battery systems. The review also highlights key challenges, including achieving reproducible and scalable synthesis, optimizing structural parameters, and addressing environmental concerns. To advance the field, strategic research directions are proposed, such as sustainable large-scale production methods, advanced material and interface engineering, and expanding the application of MBenes to multifunctional energy systems. By integrating current insights and outlining future prospects, this review aims to provide a solid foundation for the rational design and implementation of MBenes in next-generation, high-performance energy storage technologies.