Immobilization methods have emerged as feasible solutions for increasing the reusability of biocatalysts and for simplifying their separation from the desired products. Immobilized biocatalysts can directly be applied to a continuous-flow system, such as tubular or packed bed reactors. Such continuous-flow systems with immobilized biocatalysts are promising tools for enhancing the sustainability of bioprocessing. This minireview discusses important considerations for successfully developing biocatalyst-based continuous-flow systems, namely immobilization techniques, mass transfer and reactor design. The key sustainability aspects of these systems are highlighted along with recent examples.
