Microwave-assisted nucleophilic degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in propylene carbonate

Abstract

Propylene carbonate is becoming a suitable green alternative to volatile organic solvents in the study of chemical reactions. In this study, an efficient method for nucleophilic degradation of five organophosphorus pesticides, fenitrothion, malathion, diazinon, parathion, and paraoxon, using propylene carbonate as a solvent is proposed. The effect of changing the nature of the nucleophile and the influence of microwave (MW) heating were investigated. A screening of temperatures (50 °C–120 °C) was performed under microwave heating. The pesticide degradation was followed by ³¹P NMR, and the extent of conversion (%) was calculated by the integration of phosphorus signals. Keeping in mind that recently it has been reported that some ionic liquids play a nucleophilic role, in this work we report for the first time the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides by using an amino acid-based ionic liquid such as Bmim[Ala] as a nucleophile and a bio-based solvent (propylene carbonate) as a reaction medium in combination with microwave heating.