Excellent lightweight carbon-based microwave absorbers derived from metal–organic frameworks with tunable electromagnetic properties

Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive interest owing to their tunable compositions and large specific surface areas. Herein, Fe₃O₄@carbon and Fe₃C@carbon composites were fabricated from iron-based MOFs (MIL-53(Fe)) via a facile hydrothermal and calcination process. Based on the Gibbs free energy theory, nanocrystal transformation from Fe₃O₄ to Fe₃C can be well controlled when the calcination temperature is above 689 °C, revealing that the temperature plays key roles in improving the electromagnetic parameters and microwave absorbing performance. Using elaborately designed MIL-53(Fe) as a precursor for carbon-based lightweight microwave absorbers, a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) value of −30.48 dB at a very thin matching thickness of only 1.4 mm and an effective microwave bandwidth of 4.40 GHz (from 13.6 to 18 GHz) can be achieved. It is believed that this work can arouse interest to further exploit metal–organic frameworks for lightweight carbon-based microwave absorbers.