A three-dimensional ZnO/TUD-1 nanocomposite-based multifunctional sensor for humidity detection and wastewater remediation

Abstract

This study explores the multifunctional applications of hydrothermally derived 3D (x-ZnO)/TUD-1 nanocomposites (with x = 0, 1, 5, 10, 15%). The fabrication process involves the integration of ZnO nanoparticles into a 3D sponge-like mesoporous TUD-1 host matrix (mesoporous silicate), resulting in a synergistic material with enhanced sensing and adsorption capabilities. The findings reveal the unique behaviour of resistance variation within the nanocomposites over a wide range of relative humidity (11–98%). The nanocomposite with x = 10% shows a 4-fold magnitude change in resistance with response and recovery times of 11 and 9 s respectively. In addition to the sensing capabilities, the nanocomposite was also optimized for photocatalytic activity. The nanocomposite exhibited a superior absorption efficiency of up to 89% for RB (Rose Bengal) dye degradation when confronted with UV (ultraviolet) light as compared to TUD-1 which shows only 52% adsorption efficiency. This multifunctional sensor offers a holistic approach to managing moisture-rich environments and simultaneous wastewater treatment, presenting a valuable contribution to sustainable and efficient environmental monitoring applications.