Single atoms meeting 2D materials: an excellent configuration for photocatalysis

Abstract

Photocatalysis has problems such as low light absorption efficiency and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Many studies have been conducted to improve these issues. This review encapsulates the progress and applications of two pioneering research fields in catalysis: single-atom and two-dimensional (2D) material catalysts. The advent of this new type of catalysts, which integrates single atoms onto 2D materials, has seen remarkable growth in recent years, offering distinctive advantages. The article delves into the array of synthesis methods employed for loading single atoms onto 2D materials, including the wet chemical approach, atomic layer deposition technique, and thermal decomposition method. A highlight of the review is the superior attributes of single-atom catalysts supported on 2D materials (SACs-2D) in photocatalysis, such as extending the light absorption wavelength range, enhancing the efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pair separation, and accelerating redox kinetics. The review meticulously examines the diverse applications of SACs-2D photocatalysis, which encompass water splitting for hydrogen generation, carbon dioxide reduction, degradation of organic pollutants, nitrogen fixation and hydrogen peroxide synthesis. These applications demonstrate the potential of SACs-2D materials in addressing pressing environmental and energy challenges. Finally, this article evaluates the current state of this burgeoning field, discussing the opportunities and challenges ahead.