Research progress in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 based on metal nanocluster materials

Abstract

Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons with a higher added value offers an effective strategy for mitigating the greenhouse effect and addressing energy crises. Compared to other CO₂ conversion methods, photocatalytic reduction is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, offering broader application prospects. In this process, the selection of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts is pivotal. Metal nanoclusters, characterized by their ultra-small size (less than 2 nm), large specific surface area, numerous active metal sites, tunability, high product selectivity, and extended lifespan, have garnered extensive attention in the photocatalytic field. This review briefly outlines the fundamental principles of photocatalysis and the underlying mechanisms of CO₂ reduction via photocatalysis. It discusses the basic properties, synthesis methods, and performance of metal nanoclusters applied in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Furthermore, it reviews the research progress in this field from the perspective of different types of metal nanoclusters, offering insights into their developmental prospects and providing recommendations. This review can serve as an invaluable reference for the development of more efficient and ideal photocatalysts for the CO₂ reduction reaction.