Organic Small Molecule Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery: Design Strategy, Application and Mechanism

Abstract

Originated from its high safety, environmental friendliness and low cost, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) has been considered as effective alternative to other energy-storage batteries. Among the adopted cathode materials for AZIBs, organic small molecules (OSMs) deliver potential with renewable resources, diverse structures, easy preparation and fast kinetics. In this review, recent progress on OSMs as cathodes for AZIBs has been summarized, and various types of OSMs, including quinone-based, imide-based, nitrogen-containing, and related composites have been discussed and compared in details. The focus on the energy storage mechanism for these OSMs cathodes and their relationship between structure and performance has been explored deeply. Furthermore, the key problems of OSMs cathodes in practical applications and corresponding strategies for improving their application performance, in terms of molecular structure design and composite material modification, have also been discussed and illuminated. Finally, the future development and prospect of OSMs cathodes for AZIBs are envisioned, aiming to provide a reference for promoting further research and application.