Palladium nanoparticles supported on 1,3-dicyclohexylguanidine functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 as highly active and reusable catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Abstract
This paper describes a simple procedure for the synthesis and application of SBA-15/1,3-DCG/Pd as a novel nano catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions under atmospheric conditions in aqueous media. The SBA-15/1,3-DCG/Pd is air and moisture stable and readily prepared and the results indicated that palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) with an average size of 10 nm were uniformly dispersed onto the inorganic support. Aryl halides, coupled with phenyl boronic acid, smoothly afford the corresponding cross-coupling products with good to excellent yields (83–99%). It was found that the catalytic system showed excellent activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of less reactive aryl chlorides with phenyl boronic acid. The reaction conditions have been evaluated considering the effect of various parameters such as reaction time, temperature, amount of catalyst, amount of base and its nature and solvent. The catalyst is completely recoverable in a facile manner from the reaction mixture and the efficiency of the nano catalyst remains unaltered even after five cycles.
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