* Corresponding authors

^a Energy Conversion Engineering Lab, Institute of Regional Innovation (IRI), Hirosaki University, 2-1-3, Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813, Japan
E-mail: guan@hirosaki-u.ac.jp
Fax: +81-17-735-5411

^b Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 1-Bunkyocho, Hirosaki 036-8560, Japan

^c Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jalan Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara 14430, Indonesia

^d Department of Nanoscience, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan

^e Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

^f Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute Technology Bandung, JI Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia