Formamidinium-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films fabricated via two-step sequential deposition: quantum well formation, physical properties and film-based solar cells

Jing Lu; Tinghuan Yang; Tianqi Niu; Nuo Bu; Yalan Zhang; Shiqiang Wang; Junjie Fang; Xiaoming Chang; Tao Luo; Jialun Wen; Yingguo Yang; Zicheng Ding; Kui Zhao; Shengzhong (Frank) Liu

doi:10.1039/D1EE02851K

Formamidinium-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films fabricated via two-step sequential deposition: quantum well formation, physical properties and film-based solar cells†

Jing Lu,‡^a Tinghuan Yang,‡^a Tianqi Niu,‡^a Nuo Bu,^a Yalan Zhang,^a Shiqiang Wang,^a Junjie Fang,^a Xiaoming Chang,^a Tao Luo,^a Jialun Wen,^a Yingguo Yang,

^b Zicheng Ding,*^a Kui Zhao

*^ac and Shengzhong (Frank) Liu

*^ad

Author affiliations

* Corresponding authors

^a Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
E-mail: zhaok@snnu.edu.cn

^b Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China

^c School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Jiangsu, Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China

^d Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
E-mail: szliu@dicp.ac.cn

Abstract

The use of layered perovskites is an important strategy to stabilize a formamidinium (FA) based photoactive α-FAPbI₃ phase. However, the growth mechanism of FA-based layered perovskites and its influence on their physical properties have not yet been reported. Herein, we demonstrate an inclusive study on the growth, structure and optoelectronic properties of FA-based Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) type perovskites M₂FA_n−1Pb_nI_3n+1 (M = benzylamine (PMA) or FA) during two-step sequential deposition, revealing the transformation of dominant layered perovskites from PMA₂FA_n−1Pb_nI_3n+1 to novel FA₂FA_n−1Pb_nI_3n+1 with increasing FA : PMA ratios in precursors, and increased n values from top to bottom for the former case while a uniform distribution for the latter case. Moreover, we investigated the charge transport kinetics between quantum wells and illustrate the application of these structures in perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency that exceeds 19%, accompanied by enhanced film stability in contrast to 3D analogs.

Energy & Environmental Science

Formamidinium-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films fabricated via two-step sequential deposition: quantum well formation, physical properties and film-based solar cells†

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Formamidinium-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films fabricated via two-step sequential deposition: quantum well formation, physical properties and film-based solar cells

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