* Corresponding authors

^a Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

^b School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
E-mail: i.gentle@uq.edu.au

^c Centre for Computational Molecular Science, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

^d Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
E-mail: cheng@imr.ac.cn

^e Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia