* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK
E-mail: i.stephens@imperial.ac.uk

^b Solid-State Chemistry and Energy Laboratory, UMR8260, CNRS, Collège de France, France
E-mail: alexis.grimaud@bc.edu

^c Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

^d Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK

^e The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK

^f Electrochemical Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, UK

^g SANKEN, Osaka University, Japan

^h Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, Spain

ⁱ Department of Chemistry, University College London, UK

^j Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France

^k Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA