* Corresponding authors

^a Division of Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
E-mail: kumard@umn.edu

^b Department of Radiology, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Ave, School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand

^c Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Christchurch Women Hospital, University of Otago Christchurch, 2 Riccarton Ave, School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand

^d Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB), School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 515 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

^e NanoBiotech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, FL, USA

^f Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

^g MARS Bioimaging Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand