Issue 36, 2024

Spin effect in dual-atom catalysts for electrocatalysis

Abstract

The development of high-efficiency atomic-level catalysts for energy-conversion and -storage technologies is crucial to address energy shortages. The spin states of diatomic catalysts (DACs) are closely tied to their catalytic activity. Adjusting the spin states of DACs' active centers can directly modify the occupancy of d-orbitals, thereby influencing the bonding strength between metal sites and intermediates as well as the energy transfer during electro reactions. Herein, we discuss various techniques for characterizing the spin states of atomic catalysts and strategies for modulating their active center spin states. Next, we outline recent progress in the study of spin effects in DACs for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), electrocatalytic nitrogen/nitrate reduction reaction (eNRR/NO3RR), and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) and provide a detailed explanation of the catalytic mechanisms influenced by the spin regulation of DACs. Finally, we offer insights into the future research directions in this critical field.

Graphical abstract: Spin effect in dual-atom catalysts for electrocatalysis

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
02 Jul 2024
Accepted
19 Aug 2024
First published
19 Aug 2024
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2024,15, 14585-14607

Spin effect in dual-atom catalysts for electrocatalysis

X. Xu and J. Guan, Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 14585 DOI: 10.1039/D4SC04370G

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