The exceptional 0.19 Å lengthening (to 1.720 vs. 1.53 Å in ethane) of the Csp3–Csp3 bond in tetraphenyldihydrocyclobutaarenes is attributed to a combination of cyclobutene ring strain (0.04 Å), through-bond coupling (0.08 Å) and steric repulsion (0.07 Å) by comparison with model systems.
H. F. Bettinger, P. v. R. Schleyer, H. F. Bettinger and H. F. Schaefer III, Chem. Commun., 1998, 769 DOI: 10.1039/A800741A
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