Porous metal membranes for solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most important techniques for sample preparation, purification, concentration and cleanup. Membranes made from synthetic organic polymers, cellulose, or glass fibers are used for sample pretreatment. In this work, we report that a porous metal membrane, the metal filter in HPLC, was used as a novel kind of solid-phase extraction adsorbent material. To evaluate the performance of the porous metal membrane for the SPE, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene and benzo(a)pyrene were selected as analytes. Several parameters that affected the extraction efficiency such as the extraction time, the concentration of NaCl, the extraction temperature and the agitation speed were optimized. The experimental result indicates that the porous metal membrane possesses high adsorption ability to the tested polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits of the developed method were in the range of 0.03–0.082 μg L⁻¹ (S/N = 5), and excellent linear correlations between peak area and concentration of PAHs were found over the range of 0.1–60 μg L⁻¹. The precisions (RSD) for five replicate extractions of the PAHs from sample solutions were in the range of 2.6–5.0%. The recoveries of the PAHs from tap water and river water samples spiked with 9 PAHs (20 μg L⁻¹ of each individual PAH) ranged from 83.0% to 112.5%. The porous metal membrane is durable, simple, inexpensive, reproducible and has a high adsorption ability for use in SPE of PAHs.