Issue 2, 2011

An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous palladiumcatalyst utilizing naturally abundant pearl shell waste

Abstract

An efficient and recyclable ligand-free heterogeneous catalyst has been prepared by the immobilization of palladium onto ground pearl shell powders (Pd/shell powders, Pd/SP). The catalytic activity and recyclability of the prepared Pd/SP along with the charcoal and calcium carbonate supported palladium (Pd/C and Pd/CaCO3) catalysts have been evaluated using the reductive homocoupling of aromatic halides. Pd/SP not only has higher catalytic activity, but also exhibits much stronger stability than Pd/C and Pd/CaCO3. The remarkable Pd/SP stability has been attributed to the chelation of palladium species with the surface chitin and protein molecules of the supported pearl shell powders. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies show that the reductive Pd0 species can be regenerated in situ from the oxidative Pd2+ species for the Pd/SP catalyzed reductive homocoupling of aromatic halides in ethanol/DMSO solution, suggesting that the heterogeneous and homogeneous palladium catalysis proceeds through a similar Pd0/Pd2+ cycle catalytic mechanism.

Graphical abstract: An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous palladium catalyst utilizing naturally abundant pearl shell waste

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
05 Nov 2010
Accepted
25 Nov 2010
First published
24 Dec 2010

Green Chem., 2011,13, 350-356

An efficient and recyclable heterogeneous palladium catalyst utilizing naturally abundant pearl shell waste

M. Zeng, Y. Du, C. Qi, S. Zuo, X. Li, L. Shao and X. Zhang, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 350 DOI: 10.1039/C0GC00780C

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