Synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalysis using Pt and Pd dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles prepared by galvanic exchange

Abstract

In this report we present the synthesis and characterization of Pt and Pd dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) using the method of galvanic exchange. Sixth-generation hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were used to prepare Cu DENs composed of 55 atoms. In the presence of either PtCl₄²⁻ or PdCl₄²⁻, the less noble Cu DENs oxidize to Cu²⁺ leaving behind an equal-sized DEN of Pt or Pd, respectively. DENs prepared by direct reduction with BH₄⁻, which is the common synthetic route, and those prepared by galvanic exchange have the same composition, structure, and properties as judged by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. However, the galvanic exchange synthesis is much faster (3 h vs. 96 h), and the yield of reduced DENs is significantly higher (nearly 100% in the case of galvanic exchange).