Issue 2, 2011

Mechanisms of hydrolysis of phenyl- and benzyl 4-nitrophenyl-sulfamate esters

Abstract

The kinetics of hydrolysis at medium acid strength (pH interval 2–5) of a series of phenylsulfamate esters 1 have been studied and they have been found to react by an associative SN2(S) mechanism with water acting as a nucleophile attacking at sulfur, cleaving the S–O bond with simultaneous formation of a new S–O bond to the oxygen of a water molecule leading to sulfamic acid and phenol as products. In neutral to moderate alkaline solution (pH ≥ ∼ 6–9) a dissociative (E1cB) route is followed that involves i) ionization of the amino group followed by ii) unimolecular expulsion of the leaving group from the ionized ester to give N-sulfonylamine [HN[double bond, length as m-dash]SO2] as an intermediate. In more alkaline solution further ionization of the conjugate base of the ester occurs to give a dianionic species which expels the aryloxide leaving group to yield the novel N-sulfonylamine anion [N[double bond, length as m-dash]SO2]; in a final step, rapid attack of hydroxide ion or a water molecule on it leads again to sulfamic acid. A series of substituted benzyl 4-nitrophenylsulfamate esters 4 were hydrolysed in the pH range 6.4–14, giving rise to a Hammett relationship whose reaction constant is shown to be consistent with the E1cB mechanism.

Graphical abstract: Mechanisms of hydrolysis of phenyl- and benzyl 4-nitrophenyl-sulfamate esters

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
30 Jun 2010
Accepted
13 Sep 2010
First published
25 Oct 2010

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011,9, 523-530

Mechanisms of hydrolysis of phenyl- and benzyl 4-nitrophenyl-sulfamate esters

W. J. Spillane, S. Thea, G. Cevasco, M. J. Hynes, C. J. A. McCaw and N. P. Maguire, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011, 9, 523 DOI: 10.1039/C0OB00362J

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