(CdSe/ZnS QDs)-ionic liquid-based headspace single drop microextraction for the fluorimetric determination of trimethylamine in fish

Abstract

Here, we propose the use of ionic liquid-modified QDs for the combination of ionic liquid-based headspace single drop microextraction technique (IL-HS-SDME) and QD-based fluorimetric detection. In that way, we exploit the advantages of ILs as extractant solvent and the use of QDs as fluorescence detection probe. After in situ generation of volatile trimethylamine (TMA) from fish samples, the analyte was extracted and preconcentrated directly onto a (QD)IL microdrop by HS-SDME. Then, TMA was quantified through the enhancing effect produced on the initial fluorescence of the (QD)IL dispersion. The working conditions for the (QD)IL-HS-SDME procedure were: 20 μL microdrop of (QD)IL exposed for 2 min to the headspace of a 5 mL aqueous sample (0.2 g of fish in 10 M NaOH) placed in a 10 mL vial with stirring and thermostatted at 50–60 °C. For the detection, the microdrop was transferred to a microcuvette with 300 μL of acetonitrile and the fluorescence was recorded (λ_em = 570 nm, λ_exc = 400 nm). Under the selected conditions, the analytical response was linear over the range from 0.05 to 0.25 mg L⁻¹ (R² = 0.997) with a detection limit of 0.014 mg L⁻¹ (0.35 μg TMA per gram of fish) and the relative standard deviation was 3.5% (n = 5). The proposed method was applied to the determination of TMA in hake fish samples with satisfactory results.