Metal–organic frameworks based on naphthalene-1,5-diyldioxy-di-acetate: structures, topologies, photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties

Abstract

Using a novel hemi-rigid ditopic ligand, naphthalene-1,5-diyldioxy-di-acetic acid (H₂L), five metal(II)-complexes formulated as Mn(L)(DMF) (1), Cd(L)(H₂O)₂ (2), Pb(L)(DMF) (3), Cd(L)(phen) (phen = phenanthroline) (4) and Cd₅(L)₅(2,2′-bpy)₂ (2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) (5) have been hydro(solvo)thermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 features a 4-nodal (4,6)-connected three-dimensional (3D) network with an unusual (4².6³.8)(4⁵.6)(4⁸.6⁶.8)₂ topology, complex 2 exhibits a uninodal 3-connected two-dimensional (2D) framework with a (8².10) topology, complex 3 shows a 2-nodal (3,4)-connected 3D fsh-3,4-P2₁/c net with a (8³)₂(8⁵.10) topology, complex 4 presents a 2-nodal 3D architecture with (4².8⁴)-ptS topology, and complex 5 shows a novel 6-nodal (3,4,5,6)-connected 3D framework with an unusual (4².6)₂(4².8³.10)(4³.6².8⁵)₂(4³.6².8)₂ (4⁵.6.8⁴)₂(4⁶.8⁷.10²) topology. H₂L displays different coordination modes in the five complexes. Complexes 1–3 are hybrid metal oxides based on extended inorganic metal–oxygen–metal chains. The H₂L ligand has the preference for the formation of M–O–M linkage in the absence of a N-donor. Complex 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic property and complexes 2–5 show different photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties.