Lattice-imposed geometry in metal–organic frameworks: lacunary Zn4O clusters in MOF-5 serve as tripodal chelating ligands for Ni2+

Abstract

The inorganic clusters in metal–organic frameworks can be used to trap metal ions in coordination geometries that are difficult to achieve in molecular chemistry. We illustrate this concept by using the well-known basic carboxylate clusters in Zn₄O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)₃ (MOF-5) as tripodal chelating ligands that enforce an unusual pseudo-tetrahedral oxygen ligand field around Ni²⁺. The new Ni-based MOF-5 analogue is characterized by porosity measurements and a suite of electronic structure spectroscopies. Classical ligand field analysis of the Ni²⁺ ion isolated in MOF-5 classifies the Zn₃O(carboxylate)₆ “tripodal ligand” as an unusual, stronger field ligand than halides and other oxygen donor ligands. These results may inspire the widespread usage of MOFs as chelating ligands for stabilizing site-isolated metal ions in future reactivity and electronic structure studies.