Lamellar microdomain orientation and phase transition of polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) films by controlled interfacial interactions

Abstract

The orientation of lamellar microdomains and phase transition for the thin films of a symmetric polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) on random copolymer-grafted substrates were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The styrene mole fraction (X_S) in random copolymers of P(S-r-MMA) was controlled to tune the interfacial interactions at the substrates from PS-selective to PMMA-selective. Except in the case of a neutral substrate with X_S = 0.55, all the films showed the parallel orientations of lamellar microdomains, which were validated by the TEM images. However, the GISAXS analysis of PS-b-PMMA films indicated that the intensity ratio of the out-of-plane scattering to the in-plane scattering can be a sensitive indicator for evaluating the degree of orientation of lamellar microdomains or surface neutrality at the substrates. The orientation of lamellar microdomains on a neutral substrate was influenced by the film thickness and molecular weight of PS-b-PMMA, which results from predominantly the entropic contribution to the free energy in competition between the chain-end effect and nematic term. Intriguingly, the order-to-disorder temperature (ODT) of PS-b-PMMA films on a series of the substrates shows a minimum at X_S = 0.55. The ODT measurements, a new approach to evaluating the interfacial interactions at substrates, confirm that a neutral substrate induces surface compatibility between the PS and PMMA blocks at the substrate.