Role of proteinmatrix rigidity and local polarization effects in the monovalent cation selectivity of crystallographic sites in the Na-coupled aspartate transporter GltPh

Abstract

We have studied Li⁺/Na⁺/K⁺ selectivity of the bacterial aspartate transporter Glt_Ph using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) and free energy simulations (FES) to evaluate the role of different factors that control ion preferences of the binding sites identified in the crystallographic structure. The role of the bound ions in stabilizing the hairpin loop (HP2) by acting as an extracellular gate is discussed. Free energy simulations with classical and polarizable force-fields were used to characterize the role of the protein matrix, the site composition and the induced polarization in the stabilization of native and non-native cations, such as Li⁺ and K⁺, in the ion-binding sites of the transporter. The role of different factors that control the selectivity of the binding sites was highlighted with a number of reduced models using a scheme recently developed by Yu et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2010, 107, 20329–20334 and J. Phys. Chem. B, 2009, 113, 8725).