Magnetic nanoparticles loaded on mobile crystalline material-41: preparation, characterization and application as a novel material for the construction of an electrochemical nanosensor

Abstract

Herein, we envisage the possibility of preparing stable magnetic mobile crystalline material-41 using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are incorporated into mobile crystalline material-41 in hydrothermal conditions. The prepared mesoporous sample was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. The electrochemical behavior of cadaverine, histamine and putrescine was investigated on magnetic mobile crystalline material-41 (MCM-41-Fe₂O₃) modified carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). Due to the very large surface area (1213 m² g⁻¹) and the remarkable electrocatalytic properties of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, MCM-41-Fe₂O₃ exhibits potent electrocatalytic activity toward the electrooxidation of some selected biogenic amines. MCM-41-Fe₂O₃-CPEs provide new capabilities for electrochemical sensing by combining the advantages of Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles and MCM-41 with a very large surface area. The process of oxidation and its kinetics were established by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry techniques, and also, steady state polarization measurements. The apparent electron transfer rate constant (K_s) and transfer coefficient (α) were determined by cyclic voltammetry and were approximately 6.2 s⁻¹ and 0.48, respectively. The linear concentration ranges of the proposed sensors for cadaverine, histamine and putrescine were 0.1–10, 0.01–0.5 and 0.9–35 μM, respectively. Finally, the applicability of the sensor to the determination of electroactive biogenic amine concentrations in fish samples has been successfully demonstrated.