A quantitative assessment of the production of ˙OH and additional oxidants in the dark Fenton reaction: Fenton degradation of aromatic amines

Abstract

This paper reports the results of a kinetic study into the transformation of 2,4- and 3,4-dichloroaniline (2,4-DCA, 3,4-DCA) and of methyl yellow (MY) with the Fenton reagent in aqueous solution. All the substrates can be degraded in the presence of Fe(II) + H₂O₂, but the reaction between Fe(II) and H₂O₂ causes substrate degradation and Fe(II) oxidation within seconds under the adopted conditions. The HPLC, GC-MS and IC analyses only allow the monitoring of the reaction after all Fe(II) has been consumed, when degradation proceeds more slowly via Fe(III) reduction to Fe(II). Substrate degradation in the first part of the reaction was studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, using MY as substrate. The results are consistent with a reaction involving ˙OH, where both Fe(II) and H₂O₂ compete with MY for the hydroxyl radical. However, the experimental data indicate that ˙OH is unlikely to be the only product of the reaction between Fe(II) and H₂O₂. Another species, possibly the ferryl ion (FeO²⁺), is formed as well but has a negligible role in MY degradation. The Fenton reaction would thus yield both ˙OH (about 60% at pH 2) and ferryl (about 40%), and the 60 : 40 branching ratio between ˙OH and the other species is compatible with additional data here reported concerning the degradation of 2,4-DCA and 3,4-DCA in the first ferrous step of the Fenton reaction. The reported findings will hopefully indicate a way out of a long-lasting controversy concerning the mechanism of the Fenton process, also suggesting an approach to quantitatively determine the formation yields of the reactive species as well as a strategy to identify the reactant that is actually involved in substrate transformation.