Magnetic nanoclusters with hydrophilic spacing for dual drug delivery and sensitive magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

Magnetic Block Ionomer Clusters (MBIClusters) with hydrophilic ionic cores and nonionic coronas have been prepared that have ultrahigh transverse NMR relaxivities together with capacities for incorporating high concentrations of polar antibiotic payloads. Magnetite-polymer nanoparticles were assembled by adsorbing the polyacrylate block of an aminofunctional poly(ethylene oxide-b-acrylate) (H₂N-PEO-b-PAA) copolymer onto magnetite nanoparticles. The PEO blocks extended into aqueous media to keep the nanoparticles dispersed. Amines at the tips of the H₂N-PEO corona were then linked through reaction with a PEO diacrylate oligomer to yield MBIClusters where the metal oxide in the precursor nanoparticles were distinctly separated by the hydrophilic polymer. The intensity average spacing between the magnetite nanoparticles within the clusters was estimated to be ∼50 nm. These MBIClusters with hydrophilic intra-cluster space had transverse relaxivities (r₂’s) that increased from 190 to 604 s⁻¹ mM Fe⁻¹ measured at 1.4 T and 37 °C as their average sizes increased. The clusters were loaded with up to ∼38 wt% of the multi-cationic drug gentamicin. MRI scans focused on the livers of mice demonstrated that these MBIClusters are sensitive contrast agents.