Efficient organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells processed in air

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with fluorine doped tin oxide/titanium dioxide/CH₃NH₃PbI_3−xCl_x/poly(3-hexylthiophene)/silver were made in air with more than 50% humidity. The best devices showed an open circuit voltage of 640 mV, a short circuit current density of 18.85 mA cm⁻², a fill factor of 0.407 and a power conversion efficiency of 5.67%. The devices showed external quantum efficiency varying from 60 to 80% over a wavelength region of 350 nm to 750 nm of the solar spectrum. The morphology of the perovskite was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and it was found to be porous in nature. This study provides insights into air-stability of perovskite solar cells.