Energy efficient continuous production of γ-valerolactone by bifunctional metal/acid catalysis in one pot†
Abstract
A bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst based on sulfonated cation exchange resin and embedded Ru nanoparticles shows complete conversion and selectivity at low temperatures and H2 pressure in the direct, one-pot conversion of levulinic acid to GVL under continuous flow conditions, with excellent durability and no need for additives.