Hydroxyapatite, an exceptional catalyst for the gas-phase deoxygenation of bio-oil by aldol condensation†
Abstract
Hydroxyapatites with high surface concentrations of calcium exhibit outstanding activity, selectivity, and stability in the gas-phase condensation of propanal in comparison with well-established base catalysts. These abundant and low-cost materials can be attractively used for the deoxygenation of bio-oil, contributing to the sustainable manufacture of renewable second-generation bio-fuels.