A lithium ion battery exploiting a composite Fe2O3 anode and a high voltage Li1.35Ni0.48Fe0.1Mn1.72O4 cathode

Abstract

In this paper we report a new lithium ion battery (LIB) consisting of a conversion-type, high capacity Fe₂O₃–Meso Carbon Micro Beads (MCMB) composite anode and a high voltage, Li_1.35Ni_0.48Fe_0.1Mn_1.72O₄ cathode, prepared by using facile, low cost synthetic pathways. These electrodes have been characterized by a series of techniques including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, potentiodynamic cycling with galvanostatic acceleration (PCGA) and galvanostatic cycling tests in lithium cells at different C-rates. The results show that the Fe₂O₃–MCMB anode benefits by a composite, sub micrometric morphology and by a stable specific capacity ranging from 800 to 600 mA h g⁻¹, evolving around 0.9 V, while the Li_1.35Ni_0.48Fe_0.1Mn_1.72O₄ cathode is formed by an agglomeration of micrometric crystals delivering a reversible capacity of about 115 mA h g⁻¹ at a 4.7 V high voltage. The combination of the Fe₂O₃–MCMB anode with the Li_1.35Ni_0.48Fe_0.1Mn_1.72O₄ cathode leads to a complete lithium ion battery having an operating voltage of about 3 V, a high coulombic efficiency and a stable capacity of about 100 mA h g⁻¹, which translates into in a theoretical energy density of about 300 Wh kg⁻¹.