Preparation of sphere-like g-C3N4/BiOI photocatalysts via a reactable ionic liquid for visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of pollutants

Abstract

Novel sphere-like g-C₃N₄/BiOI composite photocatalysts were prepared by a one-pot EG-assisted solvothermal process in the presence of reactable ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodine ([Bmim]I). The nanostructured heterojunction was formed with g-C₃N₄ covering the surface of BiOI microspheres uniformly. Multiple techniques were applied to investigate the structure, morphology and photocatalytic properties of as-prepared samples. During the reactive process, the ionic liquid acted as solvent, reactant, template and dispersing agent at the same time, leading to g-C₃N₄ being uniformly dispersed on the sphere-like BiOI surface. Three different types of dyes rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) were chosen as model pollutants to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄/BiOI composite. The as-prepared g-C₃N₄/BiOI composite exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than the pure BiOI. At the same time, colourless endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and phenols 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) were chosen to further evaluate the photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄/BiOI composite. The g-C₃N₄/BiOI composite also exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity than the pure BiOI, which showed a broad spectrum of photocatalytic degradation activities. The results indicated that the formed heterojunction of g-C₃N₄ covers the BiOI microspheres contributed to improved electron–hole separation and enhancement in photocatalytic activity. A photocatalytic mechanism of g-C₃N₄/BiOI composites is also proposed.