High-energy-density materials with remarkable thermostability and insensitivity: syntheses, structures and physicochemical properties of Pb(ii) compounds with 3-(tetrazol-5-yl) triazole

Abstract

Two energetic compounds, [Pb(Htztr)₂(H₂O)]_n (1) and [Pb(H₂tztr)(O)]_n (2), were synthesized and then structurally characterized (N% = 39.4% for 1, N% = 27.2% for 2), where Htztr represents 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)triazole. Structural analysis revealed that both compounds have reticular two-dimensional structures. Remarkably, thermogravimetric measurements demonstrated that the compounds possess excellent thermostabilities with high decomposition temperatures up to 340 °C for (1) and 318 °C for (2). The kinetic parameters of exothermic processes were studied by the Kissinger's and Ozawa–Doyle's methods. The standard molar enthalpies of formation were obtained from the determination of constant-volume combustion energies. The calculated detonation properties showed that compound (1) can be used as a potential explosive. Sensitivity tests revealed that the compounds are extremely insensitive. In addition, two compounds were examined for use as additives to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine.