Detection of thiocyanate through limiting growth of AuNPs with C-dots acting as reductant

Abstract

We have found that hydroxyl-rich carbon dots (C-dots) have the ability to reduce Au³⁺ to form gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Thiocyanate (SCN⁻) can be absorbed on the surface of the AuNPs due to its high affinity toward the AuNPs, which inhibits the growth of the AuNPs. Meanwhile, SCN⁻ has the ability to etch the as-synthesized big AuNPs to small AuNPs, which can also cause the absorption peak of the AuNPs to decrease. Therefore, an optical sensor is developed for the detection of SCN⁻ based on measuring the plasmon resonance absorption peak change of the AuNPs. Under optimal conditions, this method yields excellent sensitivity (the limit of detection is 0.16 μM) and selectivity toward SCN⁻. This method can detect SCN⁻ in raw milk with satisfactory results. This work gives new insight into monitoring the quality of milk.