Issue 1, 2015

Co-crystals and co-crystal hydrates of vanillic acid

Abstract

A series of co-crystals of vanillic acid (VA) with caffeine (CAF), theophylline (THP), theobromine (THB), nicotinamide (NAM), isonicotinamide (INM), acridine (ACR) and urea (U) have successfully been prepared. The co-crystals involving the methylated xanthines indicate different host: guest ratios with co-crystals VA·2CAF, 2VA·THP and the co-crystal hydrate VA·THB·2H2O. The nicotinamide and acridine co-crystals (VA·NAM and VA·ACR) displayed 1 : 1 molar ratios in contrast to the isonicotinamide co-crystal hydrate 2VA·2INM·2H2O. Co-crystallisation of vanillic acid with urea gave 2VA·2U. The co-crystals and co-crystal hydrates were characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Grinding and slurry experiments were also performed.

Graphical abstract: Co-crystals and co-crystal hydrates of vanillic acid

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
01 Sep 2014
Accepted
01 Nov 2014
First published
18 Nov 2014

CrystEngComm, 2015,17, 98-106

Co-crystals and co-crystal hydrates of vanillic acid

A. Jacobs and F. M. Amombo Noa, CrystEngComm, 2015, 17, 98 DOI: 10.1039/C4CE01795A

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