Pb6Ba2(BO3)5X (X = Cl, Br): new borate halides with strong predicted optical anisotropies derived from Pb2+ and (BO3)3−

Abstract

Two new borate halides, Pb₆Ba₂(BO₃)₅X (X = Cl, Br), have been synthesized by solid-state reactions and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They are isostructural and feature 3D frameworks composed of alternate stacking of [PbBO] and [PbBOX] layers which are connected by 10-coordinated Ba atoms along the c direction. First-principles calculations show that both compounds have a large birefringence of 0.1582 and 0.1810 at 532 nm, respectively. The large birefringence originates from the strong optical anisotropies of the Pb²⁺ cations and (BO₃)³⁻ groups based on the real-space atom-cutting analysis. The IR and UV–Vis–NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, as well as thermal stability analyses of both compounds, were performed.