Concise synthesis of spergualin-inspired molecules with broad-spectrum antibiotic activity

Abstract

There is a growing need to identify new, broad-spectrum antibiotics. The natural productspergualin was previously shown to have promising anti-bacterial activity and a privileged structure, but its challenging synthesis had limited further exploration. For example, syntheses of spergualin and its analogs have been reported in approximately 10 linear steps, with overall yields between 0.3 and 18%. Using the Ugi multi-component reaction, we assembled spergualin-inspired molecules in a single step, dramatically improving the overall yield (20% to 96%). Using this strategy, we generated 43 new analogs and tested them for anti-bacterial activity against two Gram-negative and four Gram-positive strains. We found that the most potent analogue, compound 6, had MIC values between 4 and 32 μg mL⁻¹ against the six strains, which is a significant improvement on spergualin (MIC ~ 6.25 to 50 μg mL⁻¹). These studies provide a concise route to a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a novel chemical scaffold.