Nitrogen and fluorine dual-doped mesoporous graphene: a high-performance metal-free ORR electrocatalyst with a super-low HO2− yield

Abstract

In this study, we successfully, for the first time, prepared nitrogen and fluorine dual-doped mesoporous graphene (NF–MG) via the thermal treatment of graphene oxide/polyaniline composites (GO/PANI) and NH₄F. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of N and F co-doping into the G framework, the oxygen reduction reaction performance of the optimal catalyst (NF–MG3) is comparable with the-state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst in an alkaline medium, which makes it an ideal candidate as an efficient metal-free ORR electrocatalyst in fuel cells.