Hybrid nanoporous polystyrene derived from cubic octavinylsilsesquioxane and commercial polystyrene via the Friedel–Crafts reaction

Abstract

A series of hybrid nanoporous polystyrenes were synthesized from commercial polystyrene (PS) and cubic octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) via the Friedel–Crafts reaction. The porosity of the resulting hybrid polymers could be fine-tuned by varying the ratio of PS and OVS. The resulting polymers, HCP-1 to HCP-9 had apparent Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas (S_BET) in a range of 2.6 to 767 m² g⁻¹, with total pore volumes in the range of 0.36 to 0.90 cm³ g⁻¹. The S_BET was maximum when OVS loading was 9.1 wt%; it then decreased to almost no porosity before increasing again with the increase of OVS loading. The thermal decomposition temperatures of the hybrid polymers were close to pure PS under a N₂ atmosphere, but the residues increased with the increase of OVS loading. The gas sorption applications revealed that HCP-3 possessed H₂ uptake of 3.01 mmol g⁻¹ (0.60 wt%) at 77 K and 1.01 bar and CO₂ uptake of 1.12 mmol g⁻¹ (4.93 wt%) at 298 K and 1.01 bar.