Insights into the hydrogenation mechanism of nitrobenzene to aniline on Pd3/Pt(111): a density functional theory study

Abstract

Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to systematically investigate the adsorption and hydrogenation mechanism of nitrobenzene to aniline on Pd₃/Pt(111) bimetallic surface. The adsorption energies under the most stable configuration of the pertinent species are analyzed, and the activation energies and reaction energies of the possible elementary reactions are obtained. Our calculation results show that the adsorption at the Pd-top-top site through O–O atom is the most stable configuration when the nitrobenzene is perpendicular to the Pd₃/Pt(111) bimetallic surface. The hydrogenation mechanism of nitrobenzene on Pd₃/Pt(111) bimetallic surface preferentially follows the direct hydrogenation route and fits best the Jackson reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the hydrogenation processes are almost exothermic and the hydrogenation of phenylhydroxylamine is considered as the rate-limiting step with an energetic barrier of 39.89 kcal mol⁻¹.