Enhancement of solar cell efficiency using perovskite dyes deposited via a two-step process

Abstract

This study examined the effect of different thick-compact-TiO₂ blocking layers (c-TiO₂) and mesoporous-TiO₂ layers (m-TiO₂) on the efficiency of perovskite cells. Anatase c-TiO₂ layers with different thicknesses were in situ deposited onto a FTO/glass substrate at a temperature of 400 °C via nano-cluster deposition (NCD). The 80 nm-thick c-TiO₂ layers were deposited with good step-coverage on the rough-FTO surface, and were in situ crystallized via an anatase phase. The perovskite cells with 80 nm-thick c-TiO₂ and 600 nm-thick-m-TiO₂ layers showed the highest photovoltaic parameters: J_SC of 21.0 mA cm⁻², V_OC of 0.89 V, FF of 62%, and efficiency (η) of 11.5%. For enhancement of the cell efficiency, solar cells with bi-layer perovskite dyes were deposited via a two-step process onto the m-TiO₂ layer (200 nm)/TiO₂ blocking layers (80 nm) and showed V_OC and FF values of approximately 1.06 and 64%, respectively, with a maximum photo-conversion efficiency of approximately 14.2%.