Retracted Article: Fabrication of divalent ion substituted hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite coating on electron beam treated titanium: mechanical, anticorrosive, antibacterial and bioactive evaluations

Abstract

The key property in the fabrication of a biomaterial is to facilitate the replacement and/or regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. To obtain such a biomaterial, we fabricated a triple mineral (strontium, magnesium and zinc) substituted hydroxyapatite/gelatin (M-HAP/Gel) nanocomposite coating on electron beam treated titanium (Ti) metal. The influence of gelatin concentration in M-HAP was studied to investigate its effect on morphological changes, crystallinity, mechanical and anticorrosion properties. The M-HAP/Gel nanocomposite coating (with 3 wt% gelatin) on treated Ti resulted in better mechanical and anticorrosion properties as a consequence of the electron beam treatment of Ti. A reduced number of bacterial colonies were observed for the M-HAP/Gel composite against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) microbes which evidences a lower chance of implant failure after implantation. Moreover, the cell proliferation assay, live/dead staining of MT3C3-E1 cells and cell viability of fibroblast stem cells on the resultant nanocomposite revealed that the M-HAP/Gel composite will definitely be an effective implant material for better cell growth in orthopedic applications.