Alumina–titania (Al2O3–TiO2) hollow fiber sorptive microextraction coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for determination of trace elements in diesel and gasoline samples†
Abstract
An alumina–titania (Al2O3–TiO2) hollow fiber membrane was synthesized using the template method coupled with a sol–gel process. The crystal forms of the mixed oxide hollow fiber was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological structure and surface characteristics of the Al2O3–TiO2 hollow fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption BET techniques. The synthesized Al2O3–TiO2 hollow fiber membrane was combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for on-line preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Sb and V in diesel and gasoline samples. The optimization of the experimental parameters affecting the preconcentration and determination of target analytes was performed using a full 24 factorial and central composite designs. Under optimized conditions, limits of detection (LOD) (based on the original sample) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged 0.1–0.9 and 0.3–3.0 ng L−1, respectively. The developed method was applied in the determination of trace elements in real diesel and gasoline samples.