RhI/RhIII catalyst-controlled divergent aryl/heteroaryl C–H bond functionalization of picolinamides with alkynes

Abstract

The ability to establish switchable site-selectivity through catalyst control in the direct functionalization of molecules that contain distinct C–H bonds remains a demanding challenge that would enable the construction of diverse scaffolds from the same starting materials. Herein we describe the realization of this goal, namely a divergent heteroaryl/aryl C–H functionalization of aromatic picolinamide derivatives, targeting two distinct C–H sites, either at the pyridine ring or at the arene unit, to afford isoquinoline or ortho-olefinated benzylamine (or phenethylamine) derivatives. This complementary reactivity has been achieved on the basis of a Rh^III/Rh^I switch in the catalyst, resulting in different mechanistic outcomes. Notably, a series of experimental and DFT mechanistic studies revealed important insights about the mechanism of the reaction and reasons behind the divergent regiochemical outcome.