New aspects in bis and tris(dipyrrinato)metal complexes: bright luminescence, self-assembled nanoarchitectures, and materials applications

Abstract

Dipyrrins serve as monovalent bidentate ligand molecules that coordinate to various cations. Their BF₂ complexes, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene and its derivatives (BODIPYs), exhibit excellent photostability, strong light absorption, and high fluorescence quantum yield, thereby encouraging their application in various fields, e.g., as biological and biomedical fluorescent markers. Dipyrrin may also accept a wide variety of metal ions spontaneously. However, dipyrrin metal complexes have been disregarded from materials science research. This review article summarizes recent progress in bis(dipyrrinato)metal(II) and tris(dipyrrinato)metal(III) complexes from the viewpoint of materials chemistry. Section 2 describes a series of efforts aimed to realize intense luminescence superior to or comparable with that of BODIPYs. The spontaneous coordination of these complexes enables them to construct self-assembled nanoarchitectures, such as supramolecules and coordination polymers that form one-dimensional nanowires, two-dimensional nanosheets, and metal–organic frameworks. Section 3 describes such alluring molecular superstructures. Section 4 discusses potential applications based on these nanoarchitectures, such as thermoelectric and photoelectric conversion.